Fuel injector



W, m, 1950 w. H. MASHINTER 2,530,128

FUEL INJECTOR Filed May 29, 1944 6 Sheets-Sheet l iv/72%. I V/Y/I Qm H Maw/n fer Nov. M, 1950 FUEL Filed May 29, 1944 53 .146 M w 156 I50 A54 A54 W. H. MASHINTER INJECTOR 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. WLZlza/vz H/Ww/zuziel:

g0 J38 P v a W. H. MASHINTER FUEL INJECTOR Nov. 14, 1950 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed May 29, 1944 A INVEN TOR. Walk/am H Mau /z; 7/165 I Nov. 14, 1950 w. H. MASHINTER 2,530,128

FUEL INJECTOR Filed May 29, 1944 e Sheets-Sheet 5 IN V EN TOR.

Wham/ma ma Nov. 14, 1950 W. H. MASHINTER FUEL INJECTOR 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed May 29, 1944 m z w z m KWJUJJ// J M Z Z m m m ww INVENTOR. WdlazmflMw/zinffi Patents: Nov. 1 4, 19 ff.

UET TAEfi rarer FHQE 22 Cia i This invention pertains to pump mechanism, injector mechanism or atomizing mechanism adapted to either supply solid liquid or spray comminuted fluid, or mixtures of fluid and solid. Fuel injection pumps as heretofore designed commonly include a plunger working in a cylinder and intermittently actuated to deliver measured quantities of fuel to the engine. Because of the high fuel pressures ordinarily in-= volved, a very close fit between plunger and cylinder is required for successful operation and a leak-proof fit is extremely diillcult to obtain and impossible to maintain, particularly when using light fuels, such as gasoline, having little or no lubricating properties.

One object of the present invention is to provide a substantially leak-proof fuel injection. pump.

Another object is to provide a fuel injection pump that is substantially immune to leakage producing wear.

Another object is to provide an improved bellowstype of pump capable of withstanding high pressures over long periods of use.

Another object is to combine abellows type of pump and a fuel injection nozzle into a unitary structure.

Another object is to provide a fuel injection nozzle having a self-contained bellows type of pump and a loaded discharge valve responsive to the pressure in the pump.

Another object is to provide a pump having a pressure responsive dischargevalve so arranged as to be mechanically operated in the event of failure in pump pressure.

Another object is to provide a pump fed fuel injection nozzle having a self-cleaning discharge valve.

Another object is to provide a combined fuel pump and injection nozzle of improved, simple and inexpensive design.

Another object of the invention is to provide pump mechanism so constructed and arranged that it may be used to pump solid liquid.

Another object or the invention is to provide a pump for supplying fluid under pressure and in measured quantities to means for utilizing the supplied fluid, as where fuel is sprayed into the cylinder of an engine or where other liquid, such as water, is sprayed into such cylinder for power or anti-detonating reasons.-

Another object of the invention is to provide a readily controllable injector adapted to supply selected quantities or fluid, as fuel, to the cylinder of an engine, and wherein means is pro- 43d (Gil.

2 vided to eliminate air or gas from the fluid prior to injection.

Another object is to provide injector or pump mechanism for supplying fuel to a cylinder of an internal combustion engine which may be adapt ed to be driven by a cam shaft of the engine, by means operable from an adjacent cylinder, by means operable by the cylinder itself, by compression or vacuum means, by vacuum from the cylinder itself or by electrically operated means.

Another object is to provide injecting means for supplying fuel to an internal combustion engine which may be used with manifold or separate cylinder injection and wherein the fuel is introduced in properly atomized condition over the entire range of operation of the engine, i. e. regardless of hte operating speed of the engine.

Another object of the invention is to provide an injector for supplying fuel to an internal combustion engine, wherein a balanced diaphragm is used as the fuel pumping means.

Another object is to provide injecting means wherein the amount of fluid supplied therefrom is controlled by the pressure of the fluid delivered to the injecting means.

With these and various other objects in view, the invention may consist of certain novel features of construction and operation as will be more fully described and particularly pointed out in the specification, drawings and claims appended hereto.

In the drawings, which illustrate embodiments of the device and wherein like reference characters are used to designate like parts Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a combined fuel pump and injection nozzle embodying the present invention;

Figure 2 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional view taken substantially along the line 2-2 of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a transverse sectional plan view taken substantially along the line 33 of Figure 1;

Figure 4 is a fragmentary sectional view showing a modifled form of pump and injector nozzle wherein a balanced diaphragm is used;

Figure 5 is a sectional view of a modified form of pump and nozzle adapted to be actuated by engine cylinder pressure of the cylinder to be supplied by the nozzle;

. Figure 6 is a modified form of injector adapted to be actuated by pressure of the cylinder to be supplied by said injector;

Figure 7 is a sectional view of a modified form of pump and nozzle adapted to be actuated by engine cylinder pressure of the cylinder to be supplied by the nozzle and wherein electrically controlled throttle venting and circulating means is provided;

Figure 8 is a sectional view of a modified form of pump and nozzle adapted to be actuated by electrically controlled means and wherein electrically controlled throttle venting and circulating means is provided;

Figure 9 is a fragmentary sectional elevation of the injector for use in a cylinder where operated from an adjacent cylinder such as contemplated by Figures 10 to 12 inclusive;

Figure 10 is a more or less schematic view of a six cylinder engine showing the relation of the pistons for operation of the injector of one cylinder by an adjacent cylinder;

Figure 11 is a schematic diagram showing the crank position of the pistons of the engine illustrated in Figure 10;

Figure 12 is a fragmentary sectional elevation showing a control valve for the injector, said valve being shown in the adjacent cylinder;

Figure 13 is a sectional elevation of a modified form of injection system wherein the injector may be operated by the suction from the cylinder supplied by the fuel therefrom, or operated by an adjacent cylinder, or wherein the injector may supply fuel to an intake manifold;

Figure l4 is a diagrammatic view of a, modified form of injection system wherein the amount of fuel injected into a cylinder or intake manifold is controlled by the pressure of the fuel delivered to the injector.

This application is a continuation-in-part of application Serial No. 433,930, filed March 9, 1942, now abandoned.

The injection nozzle illustrated in Figures 1 to 3, comprises a hollow head In seated against and closing the lower open end of a substantially cylindrical housing I I. The head ID has a reduced portion l2 projecting into the housing and in screw threaded engagement therewith. In this instance a coaxially disposed discharge duct l3 communicates with a central discharge chamber I in the head, the inner end of the head being reduced to form an annular chamber I that communicates with the central chamber l4 through appropriate ports 16. The discharge duct I3 is controlled by a normally closed outwardly opening poppet valve II which is actuated and controlled by means hereinafter described.

An annular chamber l8 formed in the upper closed end of the housing ll constitutes a reservoir for liquid fuel. A duct l3, formed in the wall of the housing II and leading downward from the chamber 18, is controlled by an appropriate check valve, such as a ball 20, which is yieldably urged upward into duct-closing position by a spring 2|. The ball 20 and spring 2! are housed within an enlarged duct 22, aligned with the duct I9, and communicating with the annular channel l5 hereinabove mentioned. The lower end of the spring 2| is seated upon and supported by a washer 23 seated on the base of the channel l5, the washer having a tab 24 projecting beneath the spring 2| for that purpose.

The chamber I8 is continuously supplied with liquid fuel underpressure from an appropriate pump-fed supply line (not shown) through an appropriate nipple 25 and duct 26 leading upward to the chamber l8, and a nipple 21 arranged near the upper end of the chamber and connected with an appropriate pressure discharge line (not shown) permits a continuous escape of excess or unused liquid fuel from the chamber.

The chamber I8 is closed by an end head 28 hollowed out to receive the upper end of the housing H and in screw threaded engagement therewith. A metal disc 29 and sealing washer 30 interposed between the head 28 and the upper end of the housing provide an effective seal for the chamber 18.

It will, of course, be understood that any air or other gases contained in the fuel supplied through the nipple 25 will rise up through the duct 26 and chamber (8 and accumulate within the upper part of the latter, so that the chamber [8 forms an air trap that effectively prevents any air or gas from finding its way downward into the chambers I5 and M at the lower end of the housing.

A pump arranged within the housing I I cooperates with the valve H to effect intermittent discharge of measured quantities of liquid fuel through the duct 13.

The pump shown comprises a deformable liquid container 3| within the housing chamber 32. In this instance the container 3| is in the form of a flexible bellows or corrugated flexible tube of metal of high tensile strength, capable of withstanding very high hydraulic pressures and at the same time capable of repeated longitudinal expansion and contraction to repeatedly vary the volumetric capacity thereof. The bellows 3! is supported at its lower end by a heavy ring 33 securely held in place against an internal shoulder 34 of the housing II by the nozzle head l0. An upstanding flange 35 on the ring 33 is closely fitted into one end of the bellows and welded or otherwise securely and tightly fixed thereto.

The other end of the bellows is closed by a plug 36 closely fitted therein and welded or otherwise tightly fixed thereto. The plug 36 is preferably cupped or otherwise fashioned to receive the head 31 of a driving plunger 38 guided for lengthwise reciprocation in an appropriate axial bore in the.

upper closed end of the housing I I.

The plunger 38 is actuated by appropriate mechanism, such for instance as will now be described, which is adiustable to vary the length of stroke thereof. The mechanism shown comprises a plunger 39 coaxially disposed with respect to plunger 38 and guided for reciprocation in a bore 40 in the upper end head 28. The length of stroke of plunger 39 is fixed. The lower end of the plunger 39 coacts with a wedge block 4! to impart a variable stroke to plunger 38. The block 4| in this instance extends lengthwise of and within a transverse channel 43 in the head 28. The block 4| also has a dovetail spline connection 44 with a cylindrical carrier block 45 guided for vertical reciprocation in the bore 40, The carrier block 45 is fixed to the reduced threaded shank 46 of the plunger 38.

The arrangement is such that during each down stroke of the plunger 39 it advances into contact with the wedge block M and thereafter causes the blocks M and 45 and plunger 38 to move downwardly with it through the remainder of its stroke. By longitudinal adjustment of the wedge block 4| transversely of the plunger 39, the plunger may be caused to engage the same at an earlier or later point in its stroke and thereby cause the plunger 38 to move through a greater or less distance during the remainder of its stroke.

The discharge control valve I1 is rendered responsive to pressures in the chamber of bellows 3! by mechanism shown as comprising a plunger 41 which extends lengthwise of and within the chamber of bellows 3| and which is guided for lengthwise reciprocation within a bushing 48 fixed centrally of and within the ring 33. The stem 49 of the valve extends loosely through the discharge duct |3 and is adjustably fixed to the lower end of the plunger 41 so as to move therewith. The valve stem is shown screwed into the end of the plunger and locked in adjusted position by a lock nut 50. The valve I1 is normally held in closed position by a compression spring 5| seated at one end upon the bushing 48 and engaged at its other end in a groove 52 formed in the upper end of the plunger 41.

The chamber of bellows 3| communicates at all times with the chamber M in the nozzle head l8 preferably through longitudinal grooves 53 formed in that part of the plunger 41 which extends through the bushing 48.

Figure 1 illustrates the relative positions assumed by the parts immediately after completion of an injection or pressure stroke, the plunger 39 having reached the end of its down stroke, and the discharge valve |'l having been instantly closed by the compression spring 5| as a result of a drop in pressure in the pump chamber 3|. The bellows 3| is inherently biasedto expand so that thereafter, as the plunger 39 retracts, the chamber of bellows 3| expands, forcing the plunger 38 upwardly until arrested by engagement of the head 31 thereof against the upper end wall 54 of the housing chamber 32, 'It will,

of course, be understood that as the bellows 3| expands, it is maintained flooded with liquid fuel supplied under light pressure from the chamber l8 through the ducts l9 and 22, channel l5, ports l8, chamber l4 and grooves 53 in the plunger 41.

D uring each down stroke of the plunger 39 it ultimately engages the wedge block il suddenly forcing it and the plunger 38 downwardly, compressing the liquid filled pump or bellows 3|. During this action, the discharge valve remains closed until the pressure in the bellows 3|, resulting from the sudden compression thereof, has reached a degree sufficient to overcome the thrust of the spring 5|, whereupon this pressure, acting on the plunger 41, effects an instantaneous opening of the valve I1 and the liquid fuel discharges under pressure and at high velocity through the duct l3. The amount of fuel thus discharged is of course dependent upon .the extent of compression of the bellows 3|, and this is controlled by the length of stroke of the plunger 38 which is regulated by adjustment of the wedge block 4| in the manner above described. At the end of the stroke of the plunger 38, the pressure'in the bellows 3| falls off and the spring 5| functions to effect an instantaneous closing of the valve I! so that the several parts again assume the positions shown in Figure l.

During normal operation, the upper end of the plunger 4! is spaced from the plug 36 so that it is normally advanced to open the valve solely by the hydraulic pressures within the bellows. But the position of the upper end of this plunger 41 is preferably sufficiently close to the plug 38 as to be mechanically advanced by the advance of the plunger 38 in the event that the pressures in the pump chamber should fall to rise sufficiently to effect the hydraulic advance thereof. In the device shown the arrangement is such that this mechanical advance of the plunger 81 by the plunger 38 can occur only in the event of failure in pump pressures and only during substantially full stroke operation of the variable stroke plunger 38.

It will be noted that as the liquid fuel discharges at high velocity through the orifice l3, it washes the valve l1 and its seat and thereby serves to keep the same clean and free of foreign matter. It will of course be understood that, where the injector is used for cylinder injection, the end of the nozzle is exposed to pressures within the engine cylinder, so that those pressures assist in effecting and insuring prompt closure of the valve I! after each injection. 0bjectionable after drip is thus avoided.

It will be further noted that the pump above described is practically leak-proof, since the compression pressures are developed by deformation of the bellows itself rather than by relativemovement between closely fitted parts as in ordinary high pressure hydraulic pumps. And since its proper functioning does not depend upon maintenance of close fits between relatively'moving parts .having mating surfaces subject to wear, this pump is well adapted for use with light liquid fuels, such as gasoline, having little or no lubrication qualities. Moreover, this pump may be produced quite economically because none of the component parts thereof require extremely accurate production methods. Also, by using a pump chamber in the form of an axially compressible bellows of considerable length as compared with the maximum pump stroke, this'pump is capable of. heavy duty service over long periods of time.

Referring now to the modification illustrated in Figure 4, the injector comprises certain parts similar to some illustrated in Figure 1 and described with respect to said figure. These similar parts are numbered the same as the corresponding parts in Figure 1. However, in order to provide a balanced diaphragm or bellows arrangement, the housing H is provided with the fitting 6|) having the check valve 82 therein opening toward the bellows 3|, the fitting 68 being connected through a suitabl pipe 64 to a reservoir, not shown, from which liquid is supplied to the chamber 32. The housing H has threaded engagement as at 66 with the end head 68 and the fitting 21 has threaded engagement with the head 68 and the housing H and communicates with the chamber |8.

The head 68 has threaded engagement as at 18 with the throttle screw 12 which is adapted to be rotated by any suitable control means, not shown, for moving the throttle screw inwardly or outwardly with respect to the head 68. The throttle screw engages or controls movement of the aligning tab 14, which engages the head I6 of the driving plunger l8 (corresponding to plunger 38), the plunger 18 being independent of the head provided on the plug 33. Head 80 is preferably of hex formation so as to be guidably mounted in the chamber 32 to prevent misalignment of the bellows.

Plunger 82 is reciprocably mounted in the throttle screw 12 and is adapted to be operated by means of a suitable cam. The plunger 18 is urged upwardly by means of the spring 84, one end of which engages the head 18 of th plunger 18, the other end being seated within the recess 88 formed in the upper end 18 of the inner wall of; easing II, which acts as a guide for plunger It will thus be seen that with this form of device pump operation of the fuel or other fiuid from the inside of bellows 3| occurs in the same manner as has already been described with respect to the modification illustrated in Figure 1. The bellows, however, in this instance is balanced, due to the fact that liquid is also supplied to the chamber 32 through fitting 60 whereby the fluid pressure within the bellows is resisted by the fluid in chamber 32. Reciprocation of the plunger 82 causes reciprocation of the aligning tab I4, plunger I and head 80, which in turn pulsates the bellows. The stroke of the bellows is regulated by the throttle screw I2 which moves the aligning tab 14 upwardly or downwardly as viewed in Figure 4 to regulate the amount of movement of the bellows.

In the modification illustrated in Figure 5, a form of injector is illustrated which is adapted for cylinder injection wherein the compression pressure of the cylinder itself is utilized to operate the iniector for supplying fuel to the cylinder, to which the inJector is connected. The injector comprises the nozzle 82 having threaded engagement as at 84 to one end of the casing or housing 66, a seal 61 being interposed between the male and casing to prevent leakage therebetween.

The opposite end of said housing has a threaded connection as at 68 to the end seal cap 60, said cap being conveniently formed with a suitably shaped head 92 for facilitating assembly. The cap 60 is internally threaded as at 64 for receiving complementary threads 01' the throttle screw 66, said screw being provided with means such as a lever 66 for rotating the screw to-thereby move the screw linearly whereby the stroke of the indector is controlled.

The throttle screw is provided with the bore I00 through which the tubular upper extension I02 of the bellows top seal I04 extends. The tubular extension I02 is provided with the spring pressed check valve I06 opening toward the top seal I04 and the extension I02 is adapted to be connected to a suitable source of fuel supply from which fuel may be supplied under pressure to the extension I02, or the device may operate as its own pump from the source of supply. The top seal I04 is secured between the cap 60 and the shoulder I06 provided on the casing 86 and suitable sealing means may be provided between the top seal and said shoulder.

The top seal is provided with spaced slots IIO through which upstanding fingers II2 of the aligning sleeve II4 extends, said fingers being adapted to abut against the throttle screw 66 for movement thereby. The top seal I04 is pro- 'vided with the spaced concentric outer and inner rims II 6 and III! to which the upper ends of the bellows I and I22 are respectively connected in a leakprooi manner, the lower ends of said bellows being similarly secured to the concentric outer and inner spaced rims I24 and I26 respectively of the intermediate seal I28. The seal I26 is provided with the oppositely extending rim I30 to which the upper end of the bellows I32 is connected in a leakproof manner, the lower end of said bellows being similarly connected to the upwardly extending rim I34 of the lower seal I36. The seal I36 is fixedly secured between the nozzle 62 and the casing 86.

The nozzle 62 is provided with the bore I36 terminating in the valve seat I40 on which the injection valve I42 is adapted to seat, the valve and seat being so constructed and arranged that the fuel passing through the bore past the valve will be sprayed. The valve I42 is provided with the stem I44 having a spring seat I46 thereon, a spring I48 being disposed between said seat and the nozzle for normally urging the valve I42 to closed position, the stem being cut out as at I60 for permitting passage of fuel past the stem. In cutting out the stem I44, it is prefer" able that the portion I52 of the stem is circular in section while the portions I54 of the cut-out are so arranged that they form lands or guiding means for the valve I42 to insure that said valve always seats properly.

The nozzle 82 is provided with the communicating bores I56 and I58 communicating with the valve seat I60 provided on the casing 86. the valve seat I60 communicating with the bore I52 extending upwardly and communicating with the chamber I64 formed between the casing 86 and the bellows I20. Valve I66 is provided with the valve stem I68 extending upwardly into the chamber I64 to be engaged by the seal I26, said stem being. provided with the spring seat I" on which the upper end of the spring I12 is seated, the lower end of the spring I12 being seated on the shoulder I" provided in the casing 86 within the bore I62.

The top seal I04 is provided with the depending lower tubular extension I16 extending downwardly to a point adjacent the valve stem I44 whereby when fuel or other fluid is supplied, a cooling action will take place as the relatively cool. newly supplied fuel is introduced at a low point in the nozzle, that is, at the point subjected to the highest temperature.

In operation of this form of the device, assuming that the nozzle is applied to the cylinder of an internal combustion engine, and assuming that valve I42 is closed and the pressure within the bellows I32 and I22 is equal to supply pressure, the pressure within the chamber I64 is the same pressure as that in the engine cylinder, inasmuch as the valve I66 is open. The piston of the cylinder on its compression stroke will then cause a rise in pressure in the chamber I64 causing upward movement of the seal I26, compressing the bellows I20 and I22, which in turn elongates the bellows I32 supplying fuel to the valve I42 under pressure. When/the pressure reaches a predetermined amount, valve I42 willbe caused to open against the spring I48 permitting injection of the fuel into the cylinder. I

Upward movement of the seal I28 will permit the spring I12 and compression pressure to urge the valve I66 towards closed position, and the spring I46 and compression pressure will urge valve I42 toward closed position, so that both valves I42 and I66 are closed during the firing of the fuel in the cylinder. Upward movement of the seal I26 is controlled by the position of the throttle screw 96, that is, the seal I20 will be caused to move upwardly by the engine compression until the fingers II2 of sleeve II4 engage the screw 96.

On the exhaust stroke the products of combustion will be removed from the cylinder with a consequent decrease in pressure. At a predetermined position of the piston, the pressure within the cylinder will be less than the pressure in the chamber I64 at which point the valve I66 will open with a consequent reduction in pressure in the chamber I64. This occurs at the time the seal I28 moves downwardly toward a position where the bellows are restored to their normal position and the valve I66 is open. In this position the injector is in position to repeat the cycle of operation.

In the construction illustrated in Figure 6,

the injector comprises nozzle I18 connected as through threads I to the casing or housing I62. The casing is connected as through the threads I84 to the end head I86. The end head is provided with the threads I88 for reception of complementary threads of the throttle screw I98, said throttle screw I98 being provided with operating means such as the lever I92 whereby movement of the lever to rotate the screw I98 causes reciprocation of the screw. The screw is adapted to abut and control the movement of the inner bellows top seal I94 through the projection I96 provided on the seal I94.

The seal I94 is provided with the downwardly extending tubular member I98 extending toward the nozzle I18 and terminatin adjacent the valve stem 288. The valve stem 288 is provided with the spring seat 282 formin the upper seat for one end of the spring 284, the lower end of the spring engaging the seat 286 provided in the nozzle. The valve stem is provided with the cutout portion 288 terminating in the rounded portion 2I8 disposed adjacent the valve 2I2, the valve seating on the nozzle seat 2 I 4.

The bore 2I8 in projection I96 communicates with bore 2I8"to which the inlet fitting 228 is connected. The fitting 228 is provided with the spring loaded valve 222 adapted to seat toward the source of supply. The fitting extends through a suitable enlarged opening 224 in the head I86 and is movable with respect thereto. Thus fuel supplied through the fitting 228 and bores 2 I 8 and 2I6 is introduced to the injector at the hottest point thereof.

The upper end of the inner bellows 226 is secured'to the seal I94 in a leakproof manner and a fixed outer seal 228 is secured between the head I86 and the upper end of the casing I182, and the upper end of the outer bellows 238 is secured to the seal 228 in a leakproof manner. The lower ends of the bellows 226 and 238 are respectively secured to the concentric upwardly extending flanges 232 and 234 of the intermediate movable 'seal 236 in a leakproof manner. The seal 236 is urged downwardly by means of the spring 238, one end of the spring being seated on the seat 248 of the head I86 and the lower end of the spring being seated on the seal 236 between the bellows 226 and 238.

The seal 236 is provided with the oppositely extending'fiange 242 to which the upper end of the bellows 244 is secured in a leakproof manner, the lower end of said bellows being similarly secured to the bottom seal 246, secured to the casing by means of the lock nut 248.

The nozzle I18 is provided with the bore 258 communicating with the valve bore 252 provided in the casing I82, a spring 254 being interposed between the seal 256, disposed between the casing and the nozzle, and the valve 258 normally urging the valve to seated position in the seat 268. The valve 258 is provided with the upwardly extending stem 262 suitably guided and of a proper configuration to permit passage of fluid past the stem, the stem being adapted to'be engaged by the seal 236 whereby movement downwardly by the seal opens the valve 258 and movement upwardly of the seal permits the spring 254 to move the valve towards closed position.

The seal I94 is provided with the outlet fitting 264 connected back to the source of supply, said fitting passing through the enlarged opening 266 10 as at 218 and said stem may likewise be suitably cut away for permitting passage of fluid therearound, the stem being adapted to be engaged by the seal 236 to move the valve 212 to open position. Adjacent the highest point or the bellows 226 an opening 288 is provided whereby should any air be trapped adjacent the top of the bellows, it will be exhaustedby the valve 218.

In the operation of this form of the device, assuming that fuel has been supplied from the source of supply through fitting 228 and supply pressure is in the bellows 226 and 244, and assuming that the nozzle is applied for cylinder injection on the compression stroke, the valve 2I2 will be closed. Compression pressure will be supplied through bore 258, past valve 258 into chamber 282 formed between the bellows238 and the casing I86. The pressure acting upon the movable seal 236 will cause upward movement thereof, permitting the valve 258 to move towards closed position.

Upward movement of the seal 236 will elongate the bellows 244 and will cause compression of bellows 226, causing fuel to be supplied under.

pressure to the valve 2 I 2 in the nozzle until a predetermined pressure causes opening of said valve 2I2 with the consequent injection of the fuel. The seal 236 moves upwardly until it engages the stem 216 and continued upward movement of the seal causes the valve 218 to open, thereby relieving the fuel pressure in bellows 244 and causing any airor vapor trapped between the bellows 226 and. the seal I94 to be exhausted through fitting 264.

The amount of travel or the seal 236 necessary to open the valve 212 is controlled by the position of the throttle screw. After the predetermined amount of fuel has passed the valve 2I2, it will close. Valve 258 will remain closed, that is, the seal 236 will not have opened the valve during the power stroke and a portion of the exhaust stroke, at which time there will be a pressure drop in the cylinder and downward movement of the seal 236 will take place by action of the spring 238 and bellows, causing the seal to engage the valve stem 262 to move the valve 258 to open position. When open the pressure in the cylinder and in the chamber will equalize and the device will be in a position to repeat the cycle.

The injector illustrated in Figure 7 is also adapted'to utilize the compression pressure of the cylinder to which fuel is to be supplied by the injector for the operation of the injector. The injector comprises a nozzle 284 secured as by thr'eads286 to the housing or casing 288, the upper end of the casing being closed by means of the end head 298. The head 298 is provided with the inlet fitting 292 adapted to be connected to a suitable source of fuel supply, not shown, said fitting being provided with the spring pressed valve 294 seating toward the source of supply.

The end head is provided with the concentric flanges 29-6 and 298 to which the upper ends of the outer and inner bellows 388 and 382 are secured in a leakproof manner, the lower ends of said bellows being similarly secured to the outer and inner concentric flanges 386 and 388 of the intermediate movable seal 3I8 The seal 3I8 is provided with the oppositely extending flange 3I2 to which the upper end of the bellows 3| 4 is secured in a leakproof manner, the lower end of said bellows being similarly connected to the lower stationary seal 3 I 6 secured between the casing 288 and nozzle 284.

The head 298 is provided with the vents 8I8 for the space between the bellows 388 and 382 and is alto provided with the exhaust valve opening 328 which in turn is connected to the source of supply through a fitting, not shown. The opening 328 is adapted to be closed by means of the valve 322 urged toward closed postion by means of the spring 324, said valve being controlled by means of the electro-magnet 326 operated through suitable conductors 328 by suitable throttle control means, not shown, such as by a rotary controlled switch similar to a distributor, the switch being rotated by or in accordance with the operation of the engine, but the length of contact being controlled manually.

The head 298 is also provided with the downwardly extending tube 338 extending to a point adjacent the hottest part of the injector, the tube being in communication with the inlet fitting 292. The nozzle is provided with a spring seat 332 for one end of the spring 334, the other end of the spring being seated on the spring seat 336 provided on the valve stem 338, which is similar to the valve stem I44, and provided with the valve 348 adapted to seat on the nozzle seat 342.

The nozzle is also provided with the bore 344 communicating with the valve bore 346 which in turn communicates with valve stem bore 348, communicating with the chamber 358 formed between the casing 288 and the bellows 388. The valve 352 is adapted to close the seat 354 of bore 348, the valve being urged toward clo ed position by means of the spring 356 d'sposed between the seat 358, provided in the casing 288. and the seat 358 provided on the flattened valve stem 362. The valve stem 362 extends upwardly and is adapted to be contacted by the movable seal 3 l8, downward movement of the seal 318 causing valve 352 to be opened.

On the compression stroke, valve 348 is closed and valve 352 is open and compression pressure will then be introduced to the chamber 358, causing upward movement of the seal 3| 8 to elongate the bellows 3 and compress the bellows 382, causing a predetermined amount of fuel to be supplied under pressure to the valve 348 causing the valve to open and inject a predetermined amount of fuel into the cylinder. This predetermined amount of fuel is determined by operation of the electro-magnet 326 to open the valve 322, reducing the pressure at the valve 348 to permit the spring 334 (and cylinder pressure) to close said valve. Predetermined upward movement of the seal 3l8 as limited by the shoulder 321, will permit t e spring 356 to close the valve 352 for the power stro e and a predetermined portion of the exhaust stroke of the engine. The compression pressure in the cylinder is reduced on the exhaust stroke to a predetermined amount, at which time valve 352 will be permitted to open, equalizing the pressures in the chamber 358 and the cylinder, causing downward movement of the seal 318 by the return of the bellows to normal position, urging the valve 352 to fully open position, at which t me the injector is in position for repeating the cycle.

In the construction shown in Figure 8, an injector is illustrated which is not dependent upon compression pressure for its operation so that it may be timed to inject fuel on the intake stroke of an engine or on the compression stroke thereof, This injector consists essentially of the nozzle 364 secured as by means of the threads 368 to the housing or casing 368, the upper portion of the casing being closed by means of the end head 318. The end head is provided with the inlet fitting 312 adapted to be connected to a. suitable source of supply and being provided with a spring pressed valve 314 closing toward the source of supply.

The head 318 is provided with the electromagnet 316 connected through suitable conductors 318 to a throttle control, such as described with respect to Figure '7, said electro-magnet being adapted to open the sprinQpressed outlet valve 388 controlling the outlet opening 382 which is connected back to the source of supply. The spring of said valve urges the valve to closed position.

The head 318 is provided with the depending spaced concentric flanges 384 and 386 to which are secured in a leak-proof manner the upper ends of the outer and inner bellows 388 and 398. The space between the bellows is vented as through openings 392. The lower'ends of the bellows are similarly connected to the outer and inner concentric flanges 394 and 396, respectiveil of the movable seal 398, said seal being urged upwardly by means of the spring 488, one end of the spring seating on the seal 398 and the other end of the spring seating on seat 482 of the casing.

Thecasing is provided with the electro-magnet 484 connected through suitable conductors 486 to operating means, as for example, a rotary switch operated by the engine and so constructed and arranged that the clectro-magnet is energized any time after injection has ceased, for example, on the suction stroke up until the time that injection is initiated, at which time the electro-mag-,

net 484 is de-energized.

The seal 396 is provided with the flange 488 to which the upper end of the bellows H8 is secured in a leakproof manner, the lower end of the bellows being similarly secured to the fixed seal 2 secured between the casing 368 and the nozzle 364. The head 318 is also provided with the downwardly extending tubular member 414 in communication with the fitting 312 and extending to a point adjacent the nozzle whereby cool fuel is supplied to the hottest part of the injector.

The nozzle is provided with the valve seat 6 adapted to be closed by the valve 8, the valve being provided with the stem 428 similar to the stem I44 (Figure 5) said stem being provided with the spring seat 422, for one end of the spring 424, the lower end of the spring being seated on the seat 426 of the nozzle.

In operation of this form of the device the electromagnet 484 is energized at some time after injection has ceased, for example, on the compression stroke, causing downward movement of the seal 398, elongating bellows 398 and compressing bellows M8 and fuel is supplied through the fitting 312 to the inside of bellows M8, 398, and spring 488 is compressed. At a suitable time prior to the time the piston of the cylinder has completed its compression stroke, the electro-magnet 484 is de-energized, permitting spring 488 to move the seal 488 upwardly, causing fuel under pressure to be supplied to the valve 418 and injected into the cylinder. The amount of fuel is re ulated by energizing electro-magnet 316 which will open valve 388 to terminate injection. The pumping stroke of the bellows, as determined by the movement of the seal 396 is always the same, regardless of the speed of the motor as it moves from the lowermost position when the electro-magnet 484 is energized to its uppermost position when magnet 484 is de-energized,

against the stop 485 formed in the body of the 13 a upper electro-magnet but the amount of fuel that is injected is controlled by the valve 380. The pumping stroke,. then, of this device is governed not by the speed of the engine, but by the capacity v of the spring 400.

In the construction illustrated in Figures 9 to 12 inclusive, there is shown an injector for use in a cylinder for supplying fuel to that cylinder wherein the operation of said injector is controlled from an adjacent cylinder, it being understood, of course, that the fuel from the injector may also be supplied to a manifold.

The injector comprises the casing 428 corresponding to the casing 11 (Figure 1), it being understood that there is provided a nozzle corresponding to the head 10, a nozzle valve corresponding to the nozzle valve 11, the valve being controlled by the linear movement of the plunger 430 (corresponding to plunger 41) controlled by the pumping action of the bellows 432 (corresponding to bellows 31-) The casing 428 is provided with the bore 434 (corresponding to bore 19) and a valve corresponding to the valve 20 and operating similarly thereto, or course, is provided.

Fuel is supplied from a suitable source of supply through fitting 436 (corresponding to fitting 25), communicating with bore 438 (corresponding to bore 26) which in turn communicates with chamber 440 (corresponding to chamber 18) circulationof fuel being effected through the chamber and out the fitting 442 (corresponding to fitting 21). The nozzle valve is urged towards -closed position by means of a spring 444 (corresponding to spring 51) and the top of the hel lows is closed by means of the plug'446 (corresponding to plug 36) said plug being provided with a head 448 having a hex portion for guiding the reciprocatory movement of the head.

The extent of movement of the head is controlled by means of the plunger 450 mounted for reciprocation in the end head 452 and being pro vided with piston ring 454 to prevent the escape of fluid around the plunger 450. The head 452 is threaded as at 456 for the reception of complementary threads of the throttle screw 458 provided with a suitable throttle lever 460 controlled as desired. Rotation of the throttle screw 458 will cause linear movement of the plunger 450 to control movement of the belows 432. In order to effect actuation of the bellows a fitting 462 is provided communicating with the chamber 464 formed between the bellows and the casing. The fitting 462 is connected through the pipe 466 to the'compression check valve 468 (Figure 12) through fitting 410.

In Figure there is illustrated the six cylinders 412, 414, 416, 418, 480 and 482 of a six cylinder internal combustion engine, the numbers being given in rotation from i to 6 and the piston position of each of the cylinders being shown, it being assumed that the piston of number 1 cylinder (412) is starting to compress as the crank position of the piston therein is in the position as illustrated in Figure 11, and the injector is starting to inject.

The pistons in Figure 10 are in the relative positions as shown by the crank positions of Figure 11. The firing order is 1, 5, 3, 6, 2, 4.- Thus while only one injector is illustrated, it will, of course, be understood that cylinder 412 is "fired by cylinder 414, cylinder 414 by cylinder 416, cylinder 416' by cylinder 412, cylinder 418 by cylinder 482, cylinder 480 by cylinder 418, and cylinder 482 by cylinder 480. 'Thus each cylinder will have an injector and a compression check valve running to its respective injector. It will be'suflicient to describe only one compression check valve (Figure 12) connected to its respecpiston.

tive injector (Figure 9).

The compression check valve 468 (Figure 12) comprises the valve seat compression base 484 suitably secured to the respective cylinder (shown as 414 in Figures 10 and 11) and is provided with the valve seat 486 for the valve 488,'

ling the compressionof spring 506 seated at one.

end on the screw and at the other end on the diaphragm'492. The cap is vented to the atmosphere as at 500 and spring 566 normally urges the valve 488 to open position.

While Figures 9 to 12' show a form of device wherein compression pressure is transmitted to v the chamber 464, it is, of course, understood that the compression pressure may be transmitted to liquid contained in the chamber 464. This is accomplished by providing'fitting 509 (similar to fitting having a spring pressed check valve 511 opening toward chamber 464-and connected through pipe 513 (similar to pipe 64) to a source of liquid supply. Cylinder 412 is just starting to compress and cylinder 414 is towards theend of its compression stroke. Compression pressure is then transmitted past valve 488 to chamber 464 compressing the bellows to cause injection as described with respect .to Figure 1. After a predetermined pressure has been built up by a tor of cylinder 412. Valve 488 will remain closed in cylinder 412 through the entire power stroke and thereafter the pressure drop in cylinder 414 will permit the spring 506 to open valve 488 as pressure is relieved from valve 488 in the cylinder 414. The same operation, of course, occurs in each of the pairs of cylinders operated in accordance with the above.

In the construction illustrated in Figure 13, the injector 5111 consists essentia ly of the casing 512 secured as at 514 to the nozzle head 516, suitable sealing means 518 beng provided therebetween. The upper head 520 of the casing is suitably threaded as at 522 for the reception of the throttle screw 524 provided with the throttle means 526. Rotation of th throttle means 526 causes linear movement of the screw 524, the end of which projects within the casing 512 limiting upward movement of the upper bellows end seal 528 which is preferably of hex shape whereby it is guided in its reciprocatory movement within the cylinder, the cylinder above the seal 528'being vented as at 5311.

The seal 528 is fixedly secured in a leakproof manner to the upper end of'theinner and outer beilows 532, 534. A lower seal 536 is secured between the nozzle 516 and the shoulder 538 provided in the casing, suitable sealing means 540 being interposed between the seal 536 and nozzle. The lower ends of bellows 532 and 534 are fixedly connected in a leakproof manner to the concenfuel to the cylinder B2.

- tive cylinders.

l5 tric flanges 542 and! provided on the lower seal 528, whereby a fuel chamber 546 and a vacuum chamber 548 is formed.

Chamber 546 communicates through bore 550 with the fitting 552 provided with the check valve 554 opening towards chamber 546, the fitting 552 being connected to a suitable source of fuel supp y. Chamber 548 communicates through bore 556 with the pipe 558 which in turn is connected through the valve 560 to the engine cylinder 562, said cylinder being the cylinder supplied by fuel from the injector 518 and the cylinder operating said injector, it being understood, of course, that the injector may be supplied with fuel directly from the injector or through a manifold. The valve 56!! opens towards the cylinder 562, and the nozzle 516 of the injector is p vided with the valve seat 564 adapted to seat the valve 565, which is of similar configuration to the valve in Figure 5, the valve being provided with the cut away stem 568 and having the spring seat 510 thereon on which the upper end of the spring 512 is seated, the lower end of said spring being seated on the seat 514.

In operation of this form of the device, suction in cylinder 552 will be transmitted to the chamber 548 between the bellows causing the seal 528 to move downwardly compressing said bellows, causing fuel within the chamber 546 to open the valve 565 for supplying the measured After completion of the injection, valve 560 will close, due to the upward movement of the piston cylinder 562 permitting the bellows to return the seal 528 upwardly permitting spring 512 to close valve 568 and drawing fuel through fitting 552 into chamber 546.

Referring now to Figure 14, there is shown injectors 515, 518, 580, 582, 584 and 586 similar to the injector described in Figure 1, said injectors being forcylinders l to 6 respectively of a six cylinder engine. Each injector is provided with a fitting 588 (corresponding to fitting 21, Figure l) which in turn is connected back to the source of fuel supply, not shown. The inlet fitting (25 in Figure 1) is connected to branch pipes 590 of the manifold 592 and each unit is operated by its respective cam 594 rotated by a suitable cam shaft.

The inlet side of the manifold 592 is connected through the pipe 596 to the outlet side of a suitable pressure type supply pump 598, the inlet side of said pump being connected through pipe 60.!) to the suitable source of fuel supply. The pump 558 is provided with the by-pass 502 from pump pressure to suction and in said by-pass there is disposed a valve 604. The valve 604 is a normally opened valve whereby when the engine is in operation it normally operates at low speed. The valve may consist of the housing 605 having an inlet 508 connected to the pump pressure (outlet), the outlet 610 of the housing 605 being. connected to the pump suction (inlet). 1

Valve H2 is urged toward fully open position by means of the spring 6, said valve in closed position being adapted to seat on seat GIG. The valve is provided with .the valve stem SIB controlled by means of the pivoted lever 62!). Operation of the lever 620 to close the valve 6|2 will cause the pump 55! to supply an increased amount of fuel to the iniectors to thereby in-,- crease the amount'of fuel supplied to the respec- In order to obtain the degree of control over the ratio of air and fuel (needed for optimum economy and satisfactory performance) that is introduced into an engine cylinder; it is essential that the quantity offuel per injection be maintained at a fixed ratio with respect to the quantity of air inducted per suction stroke of the engine cylinder.

In a naturally aspirated (not supercharged) internal combustion engine the quantity of air inducted per suction stroke of the engine decreases with increases in engine speed for each and every air throttle position according to the volumetric-efliciency curve (breathing rate) of the engine.

Thus it is evident that if a constant ratio of air and fuel is to be maintained at all times and under all conditions of speeds and loads (Load- Speed Control), the speed-delivery" characteristic of the injection system should conform to the same general form as the volumetric-eificiency curve of the engine.

In an engine operating on the Otto cycle (such as a gasoline spark-ignition engine) it is necessary to control one air-charge inducted by a throttle control over the air as well as the fuel introduced to the engine. Thus there is a family of volumetric-efficiency curves (one curve for each throttle position). In the Diesel engine, as no air throttle is provided, there is only one volumetric-efficiency curve for the air charge inducted (i'ull throttle).

All commercial forms of fuel injection pumps now in use utilize a plunger-barrel combination, as a pumping means. The type of injection pump in most extensive use at the present time, employs a port controlled by-pass, with an'undercut section of the plunger as the slide valve means for controlling the porting of this bypass port in order to control the quantity of fuel delivered by the pump.

The following formula expresses the leakage rate of the above type of plunger-barrel pumps.

rl dsP [1L Leakage rate cc 1. c is a constant.

2. l is the mean clearance between the barrel or casing and the plunger.

3. d is the pump plunger diameter.

4. s is the plunger velocity.

5. P is the pressure differential between the lapped portion between the plunger and the barrel.

6. a is the viscosity of the liquid being pumped.

7. L is the length of the lapped lit.

Due to the leakage condition it is necessary in this piston type of pump to provide a cam profile with a rate of lift suflicient to overcome this leakage at slow speeds, especially cranking speeds as are encountered when cold-starting the engine. As a result, the speed-delivery characteristics of this type of pump tend to fall off at slow speeds (when the time for leakage is the greatest) and also at high speeds (when the pressure causing leakage is the greatest) As a result of the above conditions the tendency at the higher throttle rack settings is to result in speed-delivery characteristics, which fall off much more rapidly with increasing engine speed than the Volumetric Efficiency of the engine does, and results in the failure to maintain the air to fuel ratio.

aaaonaa curve has an exactly opposite slope. This con-' dition is equally as undesirable as the former.

Thus it may be seen that as the quantity per injection at the higher throttle conditions falls of! too rapidly due to leakage, there will be a speed at which delivery will fall below the quantities necessary, and result in a definite limit to engine speeds that can be obtained. This condition is especially bad when the high pressure pump and nozzle are separated by a delivery tube (due to adverse pressure wave characteristics).

In the modifications shown herein the eifect of leakage is eliminated by the use of a hermetically sealed pumping element, and a unitary construction is employed in order to overcome the disadvantage of a pump-delivery-tube-nozzle combination. The absence of leakage makes possible the use without adverse effects of whatever cam shape is necessary in order that the speed-delivery characteristics of the injector will conform exactly to the Volumetric-Efllciency curve of the engine. Thus in the modifications herein, it is possible to obtain complete and automatic Load-Speed Control.

The injectors shown herein may readily be operated as pusher or sump pumps located at the source of supply and supplying fuel to injectors or a carburetor, also they may be used to inject liquid, as water, into the cylinders (or manifold) for anti-detonatin purposes.

It is to be understood that I do not wish to be limited by the exact embodiments of the device shown, which are merely by way of illustration and not limitation as various-and other forms of the device will, of course, be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the claims.

I claim:

1. In an injector, the combination of a housing having a chamber connected to an inlet and an outlet, 2, second chamber connected to said first chamber, a valve controlling flow from said first chamber to said second chamber, a movable member in said second chamber, a flexible bellows connected at one end to said movable member and connected at the other end to said housing so that it communicates with said second chamber, a nozzle having a nozzle valve controlling egress from said second chamber, a connection adapted to be associated with a source of pressure supply for pulsating said bellows to control the nozzle valve, a closure cap for said housing, and a member having a seal ring extending into said housing to control movement of said bellows.

2. In an injector, the combination of a housing having a chamber connected to an inlet and an outlet, a second chamber connected to said first chamber, a valve controlling flow from said first chamber to said second chamber, a movable member in said second chamber, a flexible bellows connected at one end to said movable member and connected at the other end to said housing so that it communicates with said second chamber, a nozzle having a nozzle valve controlling egress from said second chamber, a connection adapted to be associated with a source of pressure supply for pulsating said bellows to control the nozzle valve, said connection including a member having a chamber communicating with said last cylinder, flexible means in said chamber and a valve for closing communication with said cylinder, pressure on said flexible means ontrolling said valve.

3. In a fuel injector, the combination of a housing having a housing chamber therein, one end of said housing having a wall forming a closure for one end of said chamber, said wall having a passage therethrough, a driving plunger reciprocably mounted in said passage and having a plunger head disposed in said chamber, said housing having a trap chamber at said last named end of said housing, an end head for closing said end of saidhousing and said trap chamber, a closure head fixed to the other end of said housing and forming a closure therefor, a flxed ring secured between said housing and closure head and having a substantially cylindrical flange extending into said housing chamber, a flexible bellows disposed in said housing chamber and having one end secured to said flange and the other end secured to said plunger head, means extending into said end head movable and adjustable to reciprocate said plunger selected amounts, a fuel inlet to said trap chamber, a fuel outlet from said trap chamber above the fuel inlet thereto, said closure head having a discharge duct terminating in an outer valve seat, said closure head having a discharge chamber communicati'ng with said discharge duct and the inside of said bellows, a plunger slidably mounted in said fixed ring and having one end disposed in said discharge chamber and having the other end extending into said bellows, a, valve seating on,said seat and secured to the end of said last named plunger in said discharge chamber for controlling discharge through said duct, the end of said last named plunger within said bellows being spaced from the plunger head when said valve is closed, resilient means urging said valve toward closed position, said housing having a passage connecting said trap chamber and said discharge chamber, and avalve in said last named passage opening toward said discharge chamber.

4. In a fuel injector, the combination of a housing having a housing chamber therein, one end of said housing having a wall forming a closure for one end of said chamber, said wall having a passage therethrough, a driving plunger reciprocably mounted in said passage and having a plunger head disposed in said chamber, said housing having a trap chamber at said last named end of said housing, an end head for closing said end of said housing and said trap chamber, a closure head fixed to the other end of said housing and forming a closure therefor, a flxed ring secured between said housing and closure head and having a substantially cylindrical flange extending into said housing chamber, a flexible bellows disposed in said housing chamber and having one end secured to said flange and the other end secured to said plunger head, means extending into said end head and adjustable to control reciprocation of said plunger, a fuel inlet to said trap chamber, a, fuel outlet from said trap chamber, said closure head having a discharge duct, said closure head having a discharge chamber communicating with said discharge duct and the inside of said bellows, a plunger slidably mounted in said fixed ring and having one end disposed in said discharge chamber and having the other end extending into said bellows, a valve secured to the end of said last named plunger in said discharge chamber for controlling discharge through said duct, the endoi' said last named plunger within said bellows being spaced from 19 the plunger head when said valve is closed, resilient means urging said valve toward closed position, said housing having a passage connecting said trap chamber and said discharge chamber, and a valve in said last named passage opening toward said discharge chamber.

5. In a fuel injector, the combination of a housing having a housing chamber therein, one end of said housing having a wall forming a closure for one end of said chamber, said wall having a passage therethrough, a driving plunger reciprocably mounted in said passage and having an end disposed in said chamber, said housing having a trap chamber at said last named end oi! said housing, an end head for closing said end of said housing and said trap chamber, a closure head fixed to the other end of said housing and forming a closure therefor, a flexible bellows disposed in said housing chamber and having one end secured to said housing and the other end closed, the closed end being disposed within said housing chamber adjacent said plunger, means adjustable to reciprocate said plunger selected amounts, a fuel inlet to said trap chamber, a fuel outlet from said trap chamber, said closure head having a discharge duct, said closure head having a discharge chamber communicating with said discharge duct, a member between said bellows and closure head having a passage communicating with the inside of said bellows and 1 said discharge chamber, a plunger slidably mounted in said last named member having one end disposed in said discharge chamber and having the other end extending into said bellows, a valve secured to the end of said last named plunger in said discharge chamber for controlling discharge through said duct, the end of said last named plunger within said bellows being spaced from the closed end of said bellows when said valve is closed, resilient means urging said valve toward closed position, said housing having a passage connecting said trap chamber and said discharge chamber, and a valve in said last named passage opening toward said discharge chamber.

6. In a fuel injector, the combination of a housing having a housing chamber therein, one end of said housing having a wall forming a closure for one end of said chamber, said wall having a passage therethrough, a driving plunger reciprocably mounted in said pass-age and having an end disposed in said chamber, an end head for closing said end of said housing, a closure head fixed to the other end of said housing and forming a closure therefor, a, flexible bellows disposed in said housing chamber and having one end secured to said housing and the other end closed, the closed end being disposed within said said discharge chamber for controlling discharge housing chamber adjacent said plunger, means adjustable to reciprocate said plunger selected amounts, a fuel inlet to said housing, a fuel outlet from said housing, said housing having a connection between inlet and outlet, said closure head having a discharge duct, said closure head having a discharge chamber communicating with said discharge duct, a member for closing the other end of said housing chamber and having a passage communicating with the inside of said bellows and said discharge chamber, a. plunger slidably mounted in said last named member having one end disposed in said discharge chamber andhaving the other end extending into said bellows, a valve secured to the end of said last named plunger in said discharge chamber for controlling discharge through said duct, the end of said last named plunger within said bellows being spaced from the closed end 01' said bellows when said valve is closed, resilient means urging said valve toward closed position, said housing having a passage connecting said connection between inlet and outlet and said discharge chamber, and a valve in said last named connection opening toward said discharge chamber.

7. In a fuel injector, the combination of a housing having a housing chamber therein, said housing having a closure for one end of said housing and chamber, a closure head fixed to the other end of said housing and forming a closure therefor, a flexible bellows disposed in said housing chamber and having one end secured to said housing and the other end closed, the closed end being disposed within said housing chamber adjacent the closed end of said housing chamber, means for controllably moving the closed end of said bellows toward and away from the fixed end of said bellows, a fuel inlet to said housing and a fuel outlet from said housing, said housing having a connection between inlet and outlet, said closure head having a discharge chamber and a discharge duct from said discharge chamber, a member at the other end of said housing chamber having a passage communicating with the inside of said bellows and said discharge chamber, a plunger slidably mounted in said last named member having one end disposed in said discharge chamber and having the other end extending into said bellows, a valve secured to the end of said last named plunger in through said duct, the end of said last named plunger within said bellows being spaced from the closed end of said bellows when --said valve is closed, resilient means urging said valve toward closed position, said housing having a passage connecting said connection between inlet and outlet and said discharge chamber, and a valve in said last named connection opening toward said discharge chamber.

8. In a fuel injector, the combination of a housing having a housing chamber therein, one end of said housing having a wall forming a closure for one end of said chamber, said wall having a passage therethrough, a driving plunger reciprocably mounted in said passage and having an end projecting into said housing chamber, said housing having a trap chamber at said last named end of said housing, an end head for closing said end of said housing and said trap chamber, a closure head fixed to the other end of said housing and forming a closure therefor, a fixed ring secured between said housing and closure head and having a substantially cylindrical flange extending into said housing chamber, a flexible bellows disposed in said housing chamber and having one end secured to said flange and the other end closed and disposed adjacent said wall, means extending into said end head movable and adjustable to reciprocate said plunger selected amounts, resilient means urging said plunger toward said last named means and away from the closed end of said bellows, a fuel inlet to said aaaonae seating on said seat and secured to the end of said last named plunger in said discharge chamber for controlling discharge through said duct, the end of said last named plunger within said bellows being spaced from the closed end of said bellows and said closed end of said bellows being spaced from the end of said driving plunger in said housing chamber when said valve is closed. resilient means urging said valve toward closed position, said housing having a passage connecting said trap chamber and said discharge chamber, a valve in said last named passage opening toward said discharge chamber, a connection to said housing communicating with said housing chamber externally of said bellows, and a valve in said last named connection opening toward said housing chamber whereby liquid is supplied to said housing chamber externally of said bellows.

end of said housing having a wall forming a closure for one end of said chamber, said wall having a passage therethrough, a driving plunger reciprocably mounted in said passage and having an end projecting into said housing chamber, said housing having a trap chamber at said last named end of said housing, an end head for closing said end of said housing and said trap chamber, a closure head fixed to the other end of said housing and forming a closure therefor, a fixed ring secured between said housing and closure head and having a substantially cylindrical flange extending into said housing chamber, a flexible bellows disposed in said housing chamber and having one end secured to said flange and the other end closed and disposed adjacent said wall, means extending into said end head and adjustable to control reciprocation of said plunger, a fuel inlet to said trap chamber, a fuel outlet from said trap chamber, said closure head having a discharge duct, said closure head having a discharge chamber communicating with said discharge duct and the inside of said bellows, a plunger slidably mounted in said fixed ring and having one end disposed in said discharge chamber and having the other end extending into said bellows, a valve secured to the end of said last named plunger in said discharge chamber for controlling discharge through said duct, the end of said last named plunger within said bellows being spaced from the closed end of said bellows and said closed end of said bellows being spaced from the end of said driving plunger in said housing chamber when said valve is closed, resilient means urging said valve toward closed position, said housing having a passage connecting said trap chamber and said discharge chamber, a valve in said last named passage opening toward said discharge chamber, a connection to said housing communicating with said housing chamber externally of said bellows, and a valve in said last named connection opening toward said housing chamber whereby liquid is supplied to said housing chamber externally of said bellows.

10. In a fuel injector, the combination of a housing having a housing chamber therein, one end of said housing having a wall forming a closure for one end of said chamber, said wall having a passage therethrough, a driving plunger reciprocably mounted in said passage and having an end projecting into said chamber, said housing having a trap chamber at said last named end of sad housing. an end head for closing said end of said housing and said trap chamber, a closure 9. In afuel injector, the combination of a housing having a housing chamber therein, one

head fixed to the other end of said housing and forming a closure therefor, a flexible bellows disposed in said housing chamber and having one end secured to said housing and the other end closed and disposed adjacent said wall, means adjustable to reciprocate said plunger selected amounts, resilient means urging said plunger toward said last named means and away from the closed end of said bellows, a fuel inlet to said trap chamber, a fuel outlet from said trap chamber, said closure head having a discharge duct, said closure head having a-discharge chamber communicating with said discharge duct, a member between said bellows and closure head having a passage communicating with the inside of said bellows and said discharge chamber, a plunger slidably mounted in said last named member having one end disposedin said discharge chamber and having the other end extending into saidand said closed end of said bellows being spaced" from the end of said driving plunger in said housing chamber when said valve is closed, resilient means urging said valve toward closed position, said housing having a passage connecting said trap chamber and said discharge chamber, a valve in said last named passage opening toward said discharge chamber, a connection to said housing communicating with said housing chamber externally of said bellows, and a valve in said last named connection opening toward said housing chamber whereby liquid is supplied to lsaid housing chamber externally of said belows.

11. In a fuel injector, the combination of a housing having a housing chamber therein, one end of said housing having a. wall forming a closure for one end of said chamber, said wall having a passage therethrough, a driving plunger reciprocably mounted in said passage and having an end projecting into said housing chamber, an end head for closing said end of said housing, a closure head fixed to the other end of said housing and forming a closure therefor, a flexible bellows disposed in said housing chamber and having one end secured to said housing and the other end closed and disposed adjacent said wall, means adiustableto reciprocate said plunger selected amounts, resilient means urging said plunger toward said last named means and away from the closed end of said bellows, a fuel inlet to said housing, a fuel outlet from said housing, said housing having a connection between inlet and outlet, said closure head having a discharge duct, said closure head having a discharge chamber communicating with said discharge duct, a member for closing the other end of said housing chamber and having a passage communicating with the inside of said bellows and said discharge chamber, a plunger slidably mounted in said last named member having one end disposed in said discharge chamber and having the other end extending into said bellows, a valve secured to the end of said last named plunger in said discharge chamber for controlling discharge through said duct, the end of said last named plunger within said bellows being spaced from the closed end of said bellows and said closed end of said bello s being spaced from the end of said dsiving plunger in said housing chamber when said valve is closed, resilient means urging said v lve to ard c sxi position, said housing having'a passage connectassume nection opening toward said housing chamber whereby liquid is supplied to said housing chamber externally ofsaid bellows.

12. In a fuel injector, the combination of a housing having a housing chamber therein, said housing having a closure for one end of said housing and chamber, a closure head fixed to the other end of said housing and forming a closure therefor, a flexible bellows disposed in said hous ing chamber and having one end secured to said housing and the other end closed, the closed end being disposed within said housing chamber ad- Jacent the closed end of said housing chamber, means for controllably moving the closed end of said bellows toward and away from the flxed end of said bellows," a fuel inlet to said housing and a fuel outlet from said housing, said housing having a connection between inlet and outlet, said closure head having a discharge chamber and a discharge duct from said discharge chamber, a member at the other end of said housing chamber having a passage communicating with the inside of said bellows and said discharge chamber,

a plunger slidably mounted in said last named member having one end disposed in said discharge chamber and having the other end extending into said bellows, a valve secured to the end of said last named plunger in said discharge chamber for controlling discharge through said duct, the end of said last named plunger within said bellows being spaced from the closed end of said bellows, and the closed end of said bellows being spaced from the closed end of said housing chamber when said valve is closed, resilient means urging said valve toward closed position, said housing having a passage connecting said connection between inlet and outlet and said discharge chamber, a valve in said last named connection opening toward said discharge chamber, a connection to said housing communicating with said housing chamber externally of said bellows, and a valve in said last named connection opening toward said housing chamber whereby liquid is supplied to said housing chamber externaliy of said bellows;

13. In a fuel injector, the combination-of a housing having a housing chamber therein, said housing having a closure for one end of said housing and chamber, a closure head fixed to the other end of said housing and forming a closure therefor, a fuel inlet to said housing and a fuel outlet from said housing, said housing having a connection between inlet and outlet, said closure head having a discharge duct, said injector having a discharge chamber communicating with said duct, a flexible member fixed to said housing and disposed between said housing chamber and saiddischarge chamber, said housing having a passage connecting said connection between inlet and outlet and said discharge chamber, a valve ble in said first named closure select-ably admits-- I 24 bly displacing the liquid in said housing chamher to move said flexible member toward and away from the closure head to displace the fuel in duct controlling valve and simultaneously open,

the valve between the fuel inlet and the ,discharge chamber.

14. In a fuel injector, the-combination of a housing having a housing chamber therein. said housing having a closure for one end of said housing and chamber, a closure head fixed to the other end of said housing and forming a closure therefor, a'fuel inlet to said housing and a fuel outlet from said housing, said housing having a connection between inlet and outlet, said closure head having a. discharge duct, said injector having a discharge chamber communicating with said duct, a flexible member fixed to said housing and disposed between said housing chamber and said discharge chamber, said housing having a passage connecting said connection between inlet and outlet and said discharge chamber, a valve in said last named connection opening towardsaid discharge chamber, a valve opening away from said discharge chamber for controlling flow through said duct, a connection to said housing communicating with said housing chamber, a valve in ,said last named connection opening toward said housing chamber whereby liquid is supplied to said housing chamber, a connection for other end of said housing having a discharge ducttherethrough, a flexible member secured in said housing and having orie surface defining a housing chamber in said housing, said housing chamber communicating with said duct, a discharge valve in said second named closure resiliently urged toward closed position and opening outwardly of said housing for controlling flow through said duct from said housing chamber, an inlet valve connected to said housing and having an inlet side adapted to be connected to a source of supply and having the outlet side opening toward said housing chamber to admit fuel thereto and to said surface of said flexible member, said valve being resiliently urged towardclosed position, an outlet connected to a passage communicating with the inlet side of said inlet valve, means operable on the other surface of said flexible member for reciprocating said flexible member causing reciprocations of said flexible member with respect to said duct, and means movable to regulate the stroke of said last named means.

16. In a fuel injector, the combination of a housing having an end closure at one end of said housing, said housing having a closure for the other end of said housing having a discharge duct therethrough, a flexible member secured in said housing and forming housing chambers in said housing, one of said housing chambers communicotine with said duct. a discharge valve in said second named closureresiliently urged toward closed position and opening outwardly of said housing for controlling flow through said duct from said last named housing chamber, an inlet valve connected to said housing and having an inlet side adapted to be connected to a source of supply and having the outlet side opening toward said last named housing chamber to admit fuel thereto, said valve being resiliently urged toward closed position, an outlet connected to a passage communicating with the inlet side of said inlet valve, a valve connected to said other housing chamber for supplying fluid under pressure thereto, means for reciprocating said flexible member causing reciprocations of said flexible member with respect to said duct; andmeans movable to regulate the stroke of said last named means.

17. In a fuel injector, the combination of a housing having an end closure at one end of said housing, said housing having a closure for the other end of said housing having a discharge duct therethrough, a flexible member secured in said housing and forming housing chambers in said housing, one of said housing chambers communicating with said duct, a discharge valve in said second named closure resiliently urged toward closed position and opening outwardly of said housing for controlling flow through said duct from saidlast named housing chamber, an inlet valve connected to said housing and having an inlet side adapted to be connected to a source of supply and having the outlet side opening toward said last named housing chamber to admit fuel thereto, said valve being resiliently urged toward closed position, an outlet connected to a passage communicating with the inlet side of said inlet valve, a valve connected to said other housing chamber for supplying fluid under pressure thereto, means disposed in said last named housing chamber movable toward and away from said flexible member causing reciprocations of said flexible member with respect to said duct, and,

secured in said housing, said housing having a connection between said pump chamber and fuel chamber for supplying fuel to said pump chamber from said fuel chamber, a normally closed valve controlling said last named connection and opening toward said pump chamber, said housing having a discharge duct communicating with said pump chamber, an outwardly opening spring loaded valve normally closing said discharge duct, and means at the other end of said housing operable to move the closed end of the bellows to cause said bellows to intermittently force fuel from said pump chamber to open said last named valve and pass through said discharge duct, return of said bellows permitting said last named valve to close and'causing said first named valve to open to supply' fuel from said fuel chamber to said pump chamber.

19. A fuel injector comprising a housing having a fuel chamber therein, said housing having a fuel inlet anda fuel outlet communicating with said chamber, fuel supplied to'ilow into said inlet and outof said outlet maintaining said chamber substantially filled, a longitudinally compressible, elongated bellows extending lengthwise of said housing andforming a deformable pump chamber therein, said bellows being closely confined throughoutits length by and within said housing and being closed at one end, the other end being L secured in said housing, saidhousing having a connection between saidpump chamber and fuel chamber for supplyingfuel to said pump chamber from said fuel chamber, said housing having a discharge duct communicating'with said pump chamber, an outwardly opening spring loaded valve normally closing said discharge duct and means at the other end of said housing operable to ,move the closed end of the bellows to cause said bellows to intermittently force fuel from said pump chamber to open said valve' and pass through said discharge duct, said valve having means projecting into said bellows adjacent said closed end of said bellows for mechanical actuaand being closed at one end, the other end being secured in said housing, said hOllSiIlg having a connection between said pump chamber and fuel chamber for supplying fuel to said pump chamber from said fuel chamber, said housing having a discharge duct communicating with said pump chamber, an outwardly opening spring loaded valve normally closing said discharge duct and means at the other end of said housing operable to move the closed end of the bellows to cause said bellows to intermittently force fuel from said pump chamber to open said last named valve and pass through said discharge duct, return of said bellows permitting said last named valve to close and causing said first named valve to open to supply fuel from said fuel chamber to said pump chamber, said last named valve having means projecting into said bellows adjacent said closed end of said bellows for mechanical actuation by said closed end in the event said last named valve ber therein, said bellows being closely confined throughout its length by and within said housing and being closed at one end, the other end being secured in said housing, said housing having a connection between said pump chamber and fuel chamber for supplying fuel to said pump chamber from said fuel chamber, means for supplying fluid pressure to said housing on the side of said bellows opposite to that forming the pump chamber, said housing havinga discharge duct communicating with said Dump chamber, and means at the other end or said housing operable to move the closed end of the bellows to cause said bellows to intermittently force fuel from said pump chamber through said discharge duct.

22. A fuel injector comprising a housing having a fuel chamber therein, said housing having a fuel inlet and a fuel outlet communicating with said chamber, fuel supplied to flow into said inlet and out of said outlet maintaining said chamber substantially filled, a longitudinally compressible, elongated bellows extending lengthwise of said housing and forming a deformable pump chamber therein, said bellows being closely confined throughout its length by and within said housing, and being closed at one end, the other end being secured in said housing, said housing having a connection between said pump chamber and fuel chamber for supplying fuel to said pump chamber from said fuel chamber, means for supplying fluid pressure to said housing on the side of said bellows opposite to that forming the pump chamber, a normally closed valve controlling said last named connection and opening toward pump chamber, said housing having a discharge duct communicating with said pump chamber, an outwardly opening spring loaded valve normally clos- I ing said discharge duct, and means at the other end of said housing operable to move the closed 28 REFERENCES orran The following references are of record in the file 01' this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 225,930 Hoster Mar. 30, 1880 434,171 Baldwin Aug. 12, 1890 1,314,561 Wright Sept. 2, 1919 1,411,143 Whaley Mar. 28, 1922 1,425,191 Garbarini Aug. 8, 1922 1,455,628 Leroy May 15, 1923 1,576,755 Metcalfe Mar. 16, 1928 1,762,611 Graigon June 10, 1930 1,897,044 Elwell Feb. 14, 1933 1,926,208 Mantle Sept. 12, 1933 1,973,666 Sidney Sept. 11, 1934 1,976,415 Scott Oct. 9, 1934 1,990,575 Vincent Feb. 12, 1935 1,990,714 Skooltvet Feb. 12, 1935 2,046,491 Scott July 7, 1936 2,052,459 Geiser Aug. 25, 1936 2,106,789 Boyd Feb. 1, 1938 2,168,668 Davidson, Jr Aug. 8, 1939 2,180,818 Fields et a1 Nov. 21, 1939 2,197,944 Raven Apr. 23, 1940 2,272,094 Murphy Feb. 3, 1942 2,280,386 Dickson Apr. 21, 1942 2,347,363 Palumbo Apr. 25, 1944 2,362,822 Houser et al Nov. 14, 1944 2,389,492 Edwards Nov. 20, 1945 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 373,443 Great Britain May 26, 1932 

